Peridynamics is a non-local continuum theory that has shown promise in modeling the behavior of materials subjected to extreme deformation and complex material behaviors. Its intrincic non-local character makes peridynamics particularly well-suited for modeling modern problems in mechanics involving the spontaneous formation of cracks/damage since the governing equations remain equally valid at points or surfaces of discontinuity. In the last decade, peridynamic equations have also been extended to diffusion-based problems and have successfully been applied to model coupled phenomena involving different physics. This colloquium aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in peridynamics, highlighting its potential to address fundamental challenges in materials science and engineering and to foster collaboration and exchange of ideas among researchers in this field.